Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lokusetyenziswa kwabantu, isikali sabathengi bekofu yasekhaya sidlulile kwi-300 yezigidi, kwaye imarike yekofu yaseTshayina ikhule ngokukhawuleza. Ngokoqikelelo loshishino, isikali soshishino lwekofu eTshayina siza kunyuka siye kuthi ga kwi-313.3 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan ngo-2024, ngesantya sokukhula esihlanganisiweyo se-17.14% kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo. Ingxelo yophando lwekofu yaseTshayina ekhutshwe yi-International Coffee Organisation (ICO) ibonise ikamva eliqaqambileyo loshishino lwekofu yaseChina.
Ikofu yohlulwe kakhulu yaziindidi ezimbini ngokweendlela zokusetyenziswa: ikofu ekhawulezileyo kunye nekofu esanda kwenziwa. Okwangoku, ikofu ekhawulezileyo kunye nekofu esandul 'ukwenziwa malunga ne-60% yentengiso yekofu yaseTshayina, kwaye ikofu esandul 'ukwenziwa malunga ne-40%. Ngenxa yokungena kwenkcubeko yekofu kunye nokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lengeniso yabantu, abantu baphishekela ubomi obuphezulu kwaye bahlawule ngakumbi nangakumbi kumgangatho kunye nencasa yekofu. Umlinganiselo wemarike yekofu esanda kwenziwa ikhula ngokukhawuleza, eye yakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweembotyi zekofu ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nemfuno yokurhweba kwamanye amazwe.
1. Ukuveliswa kweembotyi zekofu kwihlabathi jikelele
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imveliso yeembotyi zekofu yehlabathi iqhubekile nokunyuka. Ngokutsho kwe-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-FAO), imveliso yebhontshisi yekhofi yehlabathi iya kufikelela kwi-10.891 yezigidi zeetoni kwi-2022, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-2.7%. Ngokutsho kweWorld Coffee Organisation ICO, imveliso yekhofi yehlabathi jikelele kwixesha le-2022-2023 iya kunyuka ngo-0.1% ngonyaka ukuya kwiingxowa ze-168 yezigidi, ezilingana ne-10.092 yezigidi zeetoni; kuqikelelwa ukuba imveliso yekofu iyonke kwixesha le-2023-2024 iya kunyuka nge-5.8% ukuya kwi-178 yezigidi zeengxowa, ezilingana ne-10.68 yezigidi zeetoni.
Ikofu sisityalo setropikhi, kwaye indawo yokutyala kwayo kwihlabathi jikelele isasazwa kakhulu eLatin America, eAfrika nakuMzantsi-mpuma Asia. Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwi-Food and Agriculture Organisation yeZizwe eziManyeneyo, indawo epheleleyo yokulima ikofu kwihlabathi kwi-2022 yi-12.239 yeehektare zezigidi, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-3.2%. Iindidi zekofu zehlabathi zinokwahlulwa ngokwezityalo zibe yikofu yeArabica kunye nekofu yeRobusta. Iindidi ezimbini zeembotyi zekofu zineempawu zencasa eyodwa kwaye zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ngokwemveliso, kwi-2022-2023, imveliso yehlabathi jikelele yekhofi ye-Arabica iya kuba yi-9.4 yezigidi zeengxowa (malunga ne-5.64 yezigidi zeetoni), ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-1.8%, i-akhawunti ye-56% yemveliso yekofu iyonke; imveliso iyonke yekofu ye-Robusta iya kuba yi-7.42 yezigidi zeengxowa (malunga ne-4.45 yezigidi zeetoni), ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka we-2%, kubalelwa kwi-44% yemveliso yekofu iyonke.
Ngo-2022, kuya kubakho amazwe angama-16 anemveliso yeembotyi zekofu ezidlula iitoni ze-100,000, ezibalelwa kwi-91.9% yemveliso yekofu yehlabathi. Phakathi kwabo, amazwe angama-7 eLatin America (eBrazil, eColombia, ePeru, eHonduras, eGuatemala, eMexico naseNicaragua) i-akhawunti ye-47.14% yemveliso yehlabathi; Amazwe angama-5 e-Asia (iVietnam, i-Indonesia, i-Indiya, iLaos kunye ne-China) i-akhawunti ye-31.2% yemveliso yekhofi yehlabathi; Amazwe ama-4 e-Afrika (i-Ethiopia, i-Uganda, i-Central African Republic kunye ne-Guinea) yenza i-13.5% yemveliso yekofu yehlabathi.
2. Imveliso yeembotyi zekofu yaseTshayina
Ngokutsho koMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKutya kunye nezoLimo, imveliso yekofu yaseChina ngo-2022 iya kuba yi-109,000 yeetoni, kunye ne-10 yeminyaka yokukhula kwe-compound ye-1.2%, ibalwa kwi-1% yemveliso epheleleyo yehlabathi, ibeka i-15th kwihlabathi. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwe-World Coffee Organisation ICO, indawo yokutyala ikofu yaseChina idlula iihektare ezingama-80,000, kunye nemveliso yonyaka yeengxowa ezingaphezu kwe-2.42 yezigidi. Iindawo eziphambili zemveliso zigxininiswe kwiPhondo laseYunnan, libalelwa malunga ne-95% yemveliso yonyaka yaseChina. I-5% eseleyo ivela eHainan, eFujian naseSichuan.
Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwiSebe lezoLimo lePhondo laseYunnan kunye noPhuhliso lwaseMaphandleni, ngo-2022, indawo yokutyala ikhofi eYunnan iya kufikelela kwi-1.3 yezigidi ze-mu, kwaye imveliso yebhontshisi yekhofi iya kuba malunga neetoni ze-110,000. Ngo-2021, ixabiso lemveliso yalo lonke ishishini lekofu eYunnan laliyi-31.67 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-1.7%, apho ixabiso lemveliso yezolimo laliyi-2.64 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ixabiso lemveliso laliyi-17.36 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, kwaye ixabiso elongeziweyo kunye nentengiso yayiyi-11.67 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.
3. Urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kweembotyi zekofu
Ngokwesimo sezulu soMbutho woKutya kunye nezoLimo weZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-FAO), umthamo wokuthengisa kumazwe angaphandle emhlabeni jikelele weembotyi zekofu eluhlaza ngo-2022 uya kuba yi-7.821 yezigidi zeetoni, ukwehla konyaka-ngonyaka we-0.36%; kwaye ngokutsho kwe-Forecast ye-World Coffee Organisation (WCO), inani elipheleleyo lokurhweba ngaphandle kweembotyi zekofu eluhlaza ngo-2023 liya kuhla ukuya kwi-7.7 yezigidi zeetoni.
Ngokuphathelele ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, iBrazil lelona lizwe lithumela ngaphandle iimbotyi zekofu eluhlaza. Ngokutsho koMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKutya kunye nezoLimo, umthamo wokuthumela ngaphandle ngo-2022 wawuzizigidi ezi-2.132 zeetoni, ezibalelwa kwi-27.3% yomthamo worhwebo lokuthumela ngaphandle kwehlabathi (kwafanayo ngezantsi); IVietnam ibekwe kwindawo yesibini ngomthamo we-1.314 yezigidi zeetoni ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, ithatha i-16.8%; I-Colombia ibekwe kwindawo yesithathu ngomthamo wokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kweetoni ezingama-630,000, ezibalelwa kwi-8.1%. Ngo-2022, i-China yathumela ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-45,000 zeembotyi zekofu eluhlaza, ibeka i-22nd phakathi kwamazwe kunye nemimandla yehlabathi. Ngokwezibalo zeCustoms yaseTshayina, i-China yathumela iitoni ze-16,000 zeembotyi zekhofi kwi-2023, ukuhla kwe-62.2% ukusuka kwi-2022; I-China ithumele iitoni ezingama-23,000 zeembotyi zekofu ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuJuni ka-2024, ukwanda kwe-133.3% ngexesha elifanayo ngo-2023.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-25-2025
